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Atomic: M.A.C. | Reference
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Tin
Electrons per shell 2,8,18,18,4
Electron Configuration [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 open electron config
Ground state 3P0
Atomic Volume 16.3 cm3 mol-1
Electronegativity 1.96
Magnetic ordering No data
Mass magnetic susceptibility -3.1 x 10-9
Molar magnetic susceptibility -3.68 x 10-10
Speed of sound 2730 m s-1
Thermal Properties
Enthalpy of Atomization 301.3 kJ mol-1 @25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion 7.2 kJ mol-1
Enthalpy of Vaporisation 296.2 kJ mol-1
Heat Capacity 27.112 J mol-1 K-1
Thermal Conductivity 66.8 W m-1 K-1
Thermal Expansion 22.0 μm m-1 K-1
Hardness
Brinell hardness 51 MPa
Mohs hardness 1.5
Elastic Properties
Bulk modulus 58 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.36
Shear modulus 18 GPa
Young's modulus 50 GPa
Electrical Properties
Electrical resistivity 1.1 x 10-7 Ω m
Electrical conductivity 0.0917 106/cm Ω
Chemical Properties
Electrochemical Equivalent 1.1071 g Ah-1
Electron Work Function 4.42 eV
Valence Electron Potential (-eV) 83.5
Ionization Potential  
First 7.344
Second 14.632
Third 30.502
Incompatibilities Chlorine, turpentine, acids, alkalis.
Flammability
Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
Energy Levels
Kα1 (intensity 100) 25.2713 KeV
Kα2 (intensity 50) 25.044 KeV
Kβ1 (intensity 19.2) 28.486 KeV
Kβ2 (intensity 5.3) 29.1053 KeV
Kβ3 (intensity 8) 28.4392 KeV
Lα1 (intensity 100) 3.44398 KeV
Lα2 (intensity 10) 3.43542 KeV
Lβ1 (intensity 42) 3.6628 KeV
Lβ2 (intensity 14.7) 3.90486 KeV
Lβ3 (intensity 9) 3.7485 KeV
Lβ4 (intensity 4) 3.7073 KeV
Lγ1 (intensity 4) 4.13112 KeV
Lγ2 (intensity 2) 4.3764 KeV
Lγ3 (intensity 2) 3.271 KeV
Ll (intensity 5) 3.0426 KeV
Atomic Radii
Empirical 145 pm
Bohr Radius 145 pm
Covalent Radius 141 pm
Van der Waals 217 pm
Triple covalent 132 pm
Metallic No data.
Oxidation States
Main Sn+2, Sn+4
Other
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) show graph
M - M+ 708.6
M+ - M2+ 1411.8
M2+ - M3+ 2943
M3+ - M4+ 3930.2
M4+ - M5+ 6974
M5+ - M6+ 9900
M6+ - M7+ 12200
M7+ - M8+ 14600
M8+ - M9+ 17000
M9+ - M10+ 20600
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1)
Sn-H 314
Sn-C 225
Sn+2-O 557
Sn+4-F 322
Sn+4-Cl 315
Sn-Sn 195
Vapour Pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K
T (K) 1497 1657 1855 2107 2438 2893
Crystal Structure
Structure Tetragonal
a = 583.18 pm
b = 583.18 pm
c = 318.19 pm
α = 90°
β = 90°
γ = 90°